Electrical system of distribution.



15 vices thereon.

50 not UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIANfA. TITRBAYNE, or LANCASTER, new 20mg, ASSIGNOR 'ro" eoumcourier.

-. comranx, A conrom'rron orgnnw YORK.

F nmc'rmoai. SYSTEM or" ms'rninurron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 2 Application flledlebrnary 24,1909. Serial No. 479,755. I

5 State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution and is moreespecially designed with respect to electrical train lighting systems inwhich a plurality of feeding conductors extend through the various trainunits to properly feed the translating. de- In I such systems it iscustomary to provide one generator and a separate storage battery andlighting or work circuit on each one of the various train units. Thepurpose of the battery is. to pro- "vide a source of electrical energyfor feeding the lamps or other translating devices when the generator isshut down. In order to accomplish this it is customary to provide aswitch forautomatically connecting the battery directly across the workcircuit when the generator is inoperative. In previous systems of thisclass, and in which separate charging and feeding conductors extendthroughout the train for the batteries and work circuits, however, ithas been customary to leave-either the battery or work circuit directlyconnected across the positive and negative conductors which extendthroughout the train so that although the generator may be shut down andentirely disconnected, yet, nevertheless there remains extendingthroughout the train various conductors which are fully energized fromthe battery or batteries. If the cars or train units are in the yardsfor repairs or other purposes these live conductors may form a source ofdanger or may be tampered with in such a way as to injure ordeleteriously affect the electrical apparatus on the various units. In

order to avoid these dangers I propose to provide various arrangementsand connections whereby the various conductors extending throughout thevarious train units are rendered dead when the main generator is inoperation. More specifically I provide' switching arrangements 7 whichautomatically act to disconnect each battery from all of the trainconductors which are. of one polarity. This renders it substantiallyimpossible for any one to receive injury therefrom or for the apparatusto become injured by tampering with the various train conduc' tors.

My invention also comprehends the provision of a system which, iseconomical andefficient in operation and construction and which has manyminor advantages.

Further objects; features and advantages will more clearly appear fromthe detailed description given below taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing which diagrammatically shows a train lightingsystem embodying one form of my invention.

In the drawing, A, B and 0 represent three train units, of which theunit A may be the locomotive or baggage car upon which the maingenerator 1 is situated. The units B and C represent cars or coachescarrying the lighting or work'ci-rcuits 2, 2. Each car 'is also providedwith a storage battery 3, 3.

Extending throughout the various train unit-s is a feeding conductor 4'which connects the positive side of the generator 1 with the variouscircuits 2,'by means of connectors 5, 5. Also extending throughout thevarious train units is a conductor 6 which connects the positive side ofthe generator 1 with the various batteries by means of connectors 7. Theconductor 6, therefore, acts as a charging conductor for the purpose ofconveying the charging current to the batteries 3, 3. In order toincrease the potential of the charging conductor 6 in order to providethe proper voltage for charging the various batteries I provide abooster 8 in series with the conductor 6, also extending throughout thevarious train units is a conductor 9 which connects with the negativeterminal of the generator 1. Extending through the train units B and Cis conductor 10 which is con circuits, the batteries and work circuitsof each car being'connected to the conductor 10 by connectors 12.- TheVarious train conductors 4:, 6, 9 and 10 are connected together betweenthe various train units by connectors 13.

The booster 8 is provided with a controlling field coil 14 energized bya counterelectromotive .force exciter 15 which is controlled in theusual manner'by a field coil tions are made by 16 connected in shunt tothe resistance 17 The exciter 15 and booster 8 are driven by a motor 18in the usual manner.

Each of the units B and C is provided with an electro-responsive switch19 which in its lower position connects the battery 3 directly acrossthe work circuit 2 by electrically connecting the terminals 20. When theswitch 19 is in its uppermost position the connection between theterminals 20 is broken and said switch makes electrical connectionbetween the contact terminals 21, 21, so that the battery .is connecteddirectly to the charging conductor 6. These conneca blade 22 carried bythe movable parts of the switch 19 and when the blade 22 is in itslowermost position the connection between the terminals 21 is broken sothatthe battery is disconnected from the charging circuit 6. -Each.switch 19 is also provided with a blade 23 which when in itsuppermostposition electrically connects contact terminals 24 to connectthe various work circuits directly wit-h the feed ing conductor 4. Itwill thus be seen .that when each of the switches 19 are in theirlowermost position the battery 3 is connected directly and only to thework circuit 2 and is entirely disconnected from both the positivefeeding and charging conductors 4 and 7. Vhen the switch is in itsuppermost position the battery 3 is connected di rectly to the chargingconductor while the work circuit 2 is connected directlyto the feedingconductor 4, so that the battery may be charged and the work circuit fedat independent voltages.

25 represents a'switch arranged to connect the terminals 27, 27 so as tocomplete a circuit 28 which includes a magnet coil 29 operating upon aswitch 30 when the switch 25 is in its lowermost position. When theswitch 25 is in its uppermost position it connects terminals 31, 31,which completes a circuit 32 in series with the magnet coil 33 whichalso operates upon the switch 30 but in the opposite direction from themagnetcoil 29. The switch 25 is maintained in its lowermost position bygravity and is arranged to be drawn upward by means of the magnet coil34 connected across the conductors 4 and 9 so as to be responsive to thevoltage of the main generator 1. Thus when the switch 25 is lowered thecoil 29 is energized, being connected between the conductors ,9 and 6,and when the switch 25 is raised under the action of coil 34 the coil 33is energized, being also connected across the conductors 9 and C. Uponthe energization of coil 33 the switch 30 is raised, thus makingelectrical connection between the contact terminals 35 and 36 so as toconnect that portion of the feeding conductor 4 upon .the unit A withthat portion of the feeding conductor 4 on the various other trainunits. \Vhen the switch 25 is in its lowermost position the coil 33 is29 is energized so that the switch 30 is pulled down, thus opening thecircuit throu h the conductor 4so that it isno longer ed by thegenerator 1.

The switches 19 on the units B and O are arranged to be drawn upward inorder to connect the batteries with the charging conductor 7 and thework circuits with the feeding conductor 4 by means of magnet coils 39,one terminal of which is connected to the negative conductors 12 bymeans of wires 40 and the other terminal of which is connected to acontact 41.

42, 42 represents switches arranged to con nect the terminal 41 with acontact terminal 43 when these switches are in their uppermost position,so that the magnet coil 39 will be connected between negative conductor9 and the positive conductor 6 by means of Wires 45. When the switches42 are in their lowermost position they connect contact terminals 46 tocomplete a circuit 47 through a magnet coil 48, so that the magnet coil48 is connected between the positive conductor 6 and the negativeconductor 10. The magnet coils 39 and 48 act in opposite directions uponthe switches 19, the coils 39 operating to raise the switches and thecoils 48 operating to drop the switches. The switches 42 are controlledby means of magnet coils 49 which are connected between the positiveconductor 4 and the negative conductor 10 by a circuit 50.

51 and 52 are switches which are in series with the coils 39 and 48respectively.

The system as represented shows the various parts in the position theyWould keep when the main generator 1 is shut down or is practicallyinoperative. When the generator 1 is started up and produces apredetermined voltage the coil 34 acts upon the switch 25 to attract thesame, thereby connecting contact terminals 31 and energizing the magnetcoil 33 of switch 30. This causes the switch 30 to be attracted upwardlyto connect the contact terminals 35 and 36' so that the circuit throughthe train conductor 4 is completed and extends through the various unitsB and C and be comes energized. Immediately there exists this diflerenceof potential between the train conductors 4 and 10 the coils 49 becomeenergized so that the switches 42 are attracted upwardly to connect thecontact terminals 41 and 43, thus completing the circuit through themagnet coils 39 to energize the same. This causes the switches 19 to bedrawn upwardly to connect the contact terminals 21, 21 together and thecontact terminals 24, 24 together, so that the battery will becomedirectly connected to the chargdenergized and the coil sition aslong asthe generator furnishes the proper voltage to supply the system.

When the generator voltage decreases upon its being shut down the coil34 of switch 25 is weakened, or if the batteries have a suiiicientvoltage areverse current is sent through the coil 51' which is connected in series in the conductor 9. This energization of the coil 51'further decreases the attraction of the switch 25 so that it iseffectively released and connection is made between the contactterminals 27, 27. This energizes magnet coil 29 of switch 30 so 'that itis attracted downwardly and the circuit through conductor ,4 opened sothat the train conductor 4 upon the various units becomes opened. This.action denergizes the various voltage coils 49, '49, which operate theswitches 42 so that these switches are dropped to their lowermostposition, thereby opening the circuit 39, 39 and closing the circuitthrough the magnet coils 48, 48 of the main switches 19 so that theswitches 19 are attracted to their lowermost positions in which theblades 22 thereof connect the terminals 20 so that the batteries 3 areconnected to the work circuit 2 and are wholly and entirely disconnectedfrom both the positive conductors, namely, the charging conductor 6 andthe feeding conductor 4.

The small hand switches 60 which I have shown as bridging the contacts24, 24, may be closed, so that if desirable, all the batteries may becharged in parallel in the yards when the unit on which the generator isplaced is disconnected, in which case a separate source of electromotiveforce would be applied to the conductors 4 and 10. Also upon failure ofthe generator in service the batteries may be thus connected to jointlysupply the load with the generator.

From the above it will be apparent that upon a certain decrease involtage of the generator 1 or when the generator 1 is shut down thevarious switches are brought into action to disconnect the variousbatteries from all of the train conductors of one potential so that allof the various train conductors extending through the various units arerendered dead and deenergized. It will further be apparent that thevarious ob-' jects and advantages are accomplished in a simple andeffective manner and constitute an important improvement in the way ofsafeguarding not only the electrical apparatus on the various trainunits but also in preventing injury to persons who may occasionallyor-otherwise come into' contact with the various train conductors whenthe same are not in operation.

Although I have'described my improvements with relation to a specificsystem of electrical distribution and have shown and described them ingreat detail, yet I do not i desire to be limited to such details butveution what IIclaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a train lighting system, a generator feeding conductor for thevarious work circuits extending through the various train units, acharging, conductor for the batteries extending through the varioustrain units, a common return conductor for the batteries and-workcircuits, and means responsive to a decrease in the generator voltagefor rendering said batteries disconnected from various of saidconductors to render all-of said conductors dead. 2. In a train lightingsystem, a generato on one train unit, a plurality of batteries and workcircuits on other train units, a feeding conductor for the various workcircuits extending through the various train units, a charging conductorfor the batteries extending through the various train batteries and workcircuits, and means for disconnecting the batteries from all theconductors which are normally connected to one side of the genera-torresponsive to a decrease in the voltage of the generator.

3. In an electrical system of distribution, a source of electromotiveforce, a battery and work circuit arranged to be fed thereby, conductorsfor connecting the battery and work circuit with said source, a switchmember in series with the work circuit for opening the conductor leadingto the work circuit from the source, a switch member in series with thebattery for'opening the conductor leading to the battery, and means foractuating said members responsive to variations in the electricalcondition of the system.

4. In an electrical system of distribution, a source of electromotiveforce, a plurality of'batteries and work circuits arranged to be fedthereby, conductors for connecting the batteries and work circuits withsaid source, a switch member in series with each work circuit foropening the conductor leading to each work circuit from the source, aswitch member in series with each battery for opening the conductorleading to each battery, and means for actuating said members responsiveto variations in the electrical condition of the system.

5. In combination,-a plurality of work circuits, a plurality ofbatteries therefor, a common feeding conductor for the Work circuits, a.common chargingconductor for the batteries, a common return conductor,and a switch apparatus for automatically and wholly disconnecting eachof the batteries Having fully and clearly explained my in-' on one trainunit, a plurality of batteries and work circuits on other tram units, a

units, a common return conductor for the a plurality of units, agenerator on one unit,

a storage battery and work circuit on each of the other units, a feedingconductor extending through the various units and connected to thevarious work circuits, a charging conductor extending through thevarious units andconnected to the various abatteries to charge the same,a common return conductor extending through the various train units-andconnected to the various batteries and work circuits and means forindependently disconnecting the batteries and work circuits on each unitfrom all of said conductors of one polarity responsive to a. decrease ingenerator voltage.

7 In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a'generator on the train, a storage battery and work circuit on each ofthe units, a feeding train conductor extending from the generatorthrough the various train units and feeding the various work circuits, acharging train conductor extending through the various train units andconnected to the batteries for charging the same, a return trainconductor for the batteries and Work circuits extending through thevarious train units, switches on each unit for disconnecting the batteryand work circuit thereon from all of said conductors of one polarity andmeans for controlling said switches responsive to a decrease in thegenerator voltage.

8. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a generator on the train, a storage battery and work circuit on each ofthe units, a feeding train conductor extending from the generatorthrough the various train units and feeding the various work circuits, acharging train conductor extending through the various train units andconnected to the batteries for charging the same, a return trainconductor for the batteries and work circuits extending through thevarious train units, and means for disconnectingthe battery and workcircuit 011 each unit from said feeding and charging conductorsresponsive to a change in the electrical condition of the system.

9. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a generator on the 1 train, a storage battery and work circuit on eachof the units, a feeding train conduct-or extending from the generatorthrough the various train units and feedin the various work circuits, acharging train conductor extending through the various train units andconnected to the batteries for charging the same, a return trainconductor for the batteries and work circuits extending extendingthrough the various train units and connected to the batteries forohargin the same, a' return train conductor for the batteries and workcircuits extending through the various train units, a switch on variousunits for disconnecting the batteries and work circuits thereon fromsaid charging and feeding conductors and a solenoid on said units forcontrolling the action of said switches responsive to the electricalcondition of the generator.

11. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality'of train units,a storage battery and work circuit on each of the units, a generator, afeeding train conductor extending from the enerator through the varioustrain units an feeding the various work circuits, a charging trainconductor extending through the various train units and connected to thebatteries for charging the same, a return train conductor for thebatteries and work circuits extending through the various train units, aswitch on each unit with the batteries and work circuits for whollydisconnecting the battery thereon from the charging and feedingconductors and a coil responsive to generator voltage for controllingtheaction of said switches.

12. In an electrical system of distribution,

a plurality of train units, a storage battery and work circuit on eachof the units, a generator, a feeding train conductor extending from thegenerator through the various train units and feeding the various workcircuits, a charging train conductor extending through the various trainunits and connected to the batteries for charging the same, a returntrain conductor for the batteries and work circuits extending throughthe various train units, a switch for opening one of said conductorsbetween the generator and one of the work circuits and batteries,switches on various units for wholly discon- 1 necting the batteriesthereon from said feeding and charging conductors and a coil responsiveto the action of said first mentioned switch for controlling the actionof said last mentioned switches responsive thereto.

13. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a storage battery and Work circuit on each of the units, a generator, afeeding train conductor extending from the generator through the various13 -between' the feeding conductor and the return conductor, andswitches on various of the train unitsfor disconnecting the batteriesand work circuits from said feeding and char 'ng conductors, saidswitches being controlle by-said coils.

v 14.. In a system of electrical distribution, a generator, a pluralityof train units each carryin a work circuit'and a storage battery, aeeding conductor extending throu h the various train units forconnecting the work circuits with the generator, a charging conductorextending through the various train units for charging the batteries, abooster in said circuit a common return conductor extending through thevarious train units to the generator, a switch for opening the feedingcircuit to disconnect the generator from the work circuits, a switch forcontrolling the action of said last mentioned switch responsive to thegenerator voltage and the generator current and means for renderin thevarious conductors on the train units dead responsive to the opening ofsaid first mentioned switch.

15. Ina system of electrical distribution, a generator, :1 lurality oftrain units each carryin a wor circult and a storage battery, a eedingconductor extending through the various train units for connecting the Iwork circuits with the generator, a charging conductor extending throughthe various train units for charging the batteries, a

, booster'in said circuit, a common return conductor extending throughthe various'train units to the generator, a switch for opening thefeeding circuit to disconnect the meretor from the work circuits, aswitch fbr controlling the action of said last mentioned switchresponsive to the generator voltage and the generator current and meansfor rendering the various conductors on the train units dead responsiveto the opening of said first mentioned switch, said means includingswitches on each car for disconnecting the battery and work circuitthereon from the feeding and charging conductors.

16. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a generator, a storage battery and work circuit on each of the units, afeeding train conductor extending from the generator through the varioustrain units and feeding the various work circuits, a charging trainconductor extending through the various train units and 'connected tothe batteries for charging the same a return train conductor for thebatteries and work circuits extending through the various train units,and means for rendering said conductors dead responsive to a shutdown ofthe generator. J

17. In combination, a work circuit, a battery, a feeding conductor forthe work circuit, a charging conductor for the battery, a common returnconductor and a switch apparatus for automatically and whollydisconnecting the battery and workcircuit from said charging and feedingconductors responsive to a drop in voltage across the feeding and returnconductors, said switch apparatus being provided with two coils, eachoperating upon it to cause it to move in the opposite "direction fromother coil causes it to move;

18. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units,a battery and work circuit on each unit, a source ofelectrical energy, aplurality of conductors leading from said source through said units forfeeding the batteries and work circuits, means for disconnecting thesource from said conductors responsive to condition of the system andmeans for disconnectin each battery from all of said conductors 0 onepolarity to render all of said conductors dead, responsive to a changein the electrical condition of the system.

that in which the a change in the electrical In testimony "whereof, Ihave signed my A. TURBA YNE.

Witnesses:

THOS. Donnms,

W. H. IE'A'I'IENPEN.

